Amateka ya Pulse Oximetry

Mugihe coronavirus nshya ikwirakwira kwisi yose, abantu kwita kubuzima bageze ku rwego rutigeze rubaho.By'umwihariko, iterabwoba rishobora kwanduza coronavirus nshya ku bihaha no mu zindi ngingo z'ubuhumekero bituma gukurikirana ubuzima bwa buri munsi ari ngombwa.Kuruhande rwibi, ibikoresho bya pulse oximeter bigenda byinjizwa mubuzima bwa buri munsi kandi byabaye igikoresho cyingenzi cyo gukurikirana ubuzima bwurugo.

Noneho, uzi uwahimbye pulisimu ya kijyambere igezweho?
Kimwe niterambere ryinshi rya siyansi, oximeter ya kijyambere ntabwo yari ubwenge bwubwenge bumwe rukumbi.Guhera ku gitekerezo cya mbere, kibabaza, gitinda kandi kidashoboka hagati ya 1800, kandi kimaze imyaka irenga ijana, abahanga n’abashakashatsi mu by'ubuvuzi bakomeje gutera intambwe mu ikoranabuhanga mu gupima urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso, baharanira gutanga byihuse, byoroshye kandi bitari -invasive pulse oximetry uburyo.
1840 Hemoglobine, itwara molekile ya ogisijeni mu maraso, yavumbuwe
Hagati ya 1800 na nyuma ya 1800, abahanga batangiye kumva uburyo umubiri wumuntu winjiza ogisijeni kandi ukwirakwiza umubiri wose.
Mu 1840, Friedrich Ludwig Hunefeld, umwe mu bagize Umuryango w’ibinyabuzima mu Budage, yavumbuye imiterere ya kirisiti itwara ogisijeni mu maraso, bityo ibiba imbuto za oximetry ya kijyambere.
Mu 1864, Felix Hoppe-Seyler yahaye izo kristu zubumaji izina ryabo bwite, hemoglobine.Ubushakashatsi bwa Hope-Thaylor kuri hemoglobine bwatumye umuhanga mu mibare wa Irlande n'Ubwongereza akaba n'umuhanga mu bya fiziki George Gabriel Stokes yiga “kugabanya pigmentary na okiside ya poroteyine mu maraso.”

Mu 1864, George Gabriel Stokes na Felix Hoppe-Seyler bavumbuye ibisubizo bitandukanye byerekana amaraso akungahaye kuri ogisijeni na ogisijeni ikennye munsi y'umucyo.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na George Gabriel Stokes na Felix Hoppe-Seyler mu 1864 bwerekanye ibimenyetso bya spekitroscopique byerekana ko hemoglobine ihuza ogisijeni.Barabonye:
Amaraso akungahaye kuri Oxygene (ogisijeni hemoglobine) agaragara nka cheri itukura munsi yumucyo, mugihe amaraso akennye ya ogisijeni (hemoglobine idafite ogisijeni) agaragara nk'umutuku wijimye.Amaraso amwe amwe azahindura ibara mugihe ahuye na ogisijeni itandukanye.Amaraso akungahaye kuri Oxygene agaragara nk'umutuku, mu gihe amaraso akennye ya ogisijeni agaragara cyane yijimye-umutuku.Ihinduka ryamabara riterwa nimpinduka zijyanye no kwinjiza ibintu biranga molekile ya hemoglobine iyo ihujwe cyangwa itandukanijwe na ogisijeni.Ubu buvumbuzi butanga ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso byerekana imikorere ya ogisijeni itwara amaraso kandi bigashyiraho urufatiro rwa siyansi rwo guhuza hemoglobine na ogisijeni.

Ariko mugihe Stokes na Byiringiro-Taylor bakoraga ubushakashatsi bwabo, inzira yonyine yo gupima urugero rwamaraso ya ogisijeni yumurwayi yari ikiri gufata urugero rwamaraso no kuyasesengura.Ubu buryo burababaza, butera, kandi buhoro cyane guha abaganga umwanya uhagije wo gukora kumakuru atanga.Kandi uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gutera cyangwa gutabara bufite ubushobozi bwo gutera ubwandu, cyane cyane mugihe cyuruhu cyangwa inkoni.Iyi ndwara irashobora kugaragara mugace cyangwa gukwirakwira kugirango ibe infection sisitemu.bityo biganisha ku buvuzi
impanuka yo kuvura.

Mu 1935, umuganga w’Ubudage Karl Matthes yahimbye oximeter imurikira amaraso yashizwe mu matwi hamwe n’uburebure bubiri.
Umuganga w’Ubudage Karl Matthes yahimbye igikoresho mu 1935 gifatanye n’umutwi w’umurwayi kandi gishobora kumurika mu maraso y’umurwayi.Mu ikubitiro, amabara abiri yumucyo, icyatsi n umutuku, yakoreshejwe kugirango hamenyekane ko ogisijeni ya hemoglobine ihari, ariko ibikoresho nkibi ni ubuhanga bushya, ariko bifite imikoreshereze mike kuko bigoye guhinduranya kandi bitanga inzira yuzuye aho kuba ibisubizo byuzuye.

Uwahimbye akaba na physiologue Glenn Millikan akora oximeter ya mbere yimuka muri 1940
Umunyamerika wavumbuye akaba na physiologue Glenn Millikan yateje umutwe wamenyekanye nka oximeter ya mbere yimuka.Yahimbye kandi ijambo “oximetry.”
Iki gikoresho cyakozwe kugirango gikemure igikoresho gifatika cy’abapilote b’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose rimwe na rimwe bagurukaga ku butumburuke bwashonje.Amatwi ya Millikan yo mu matwi akoreshwa cyane cyane mu ndege za gisirikare.

1948–1949: Earl Wood itezimbere oximeter ya Millikan
Ikindi kintu Millikan yirengagije mu gikoresho cye ni ugukenera kubaka amaraso menshi mu gutwi.
Umuganga w’amavuriro ya Mayo Earl Wood yakoze igikoresho cya oximetry ikoresha umuvuduko wumwuka kugirango ihatire amaraso menshi mumatwi, bivamo gusoma neza kandi byizewe mugihe nyacyo.Iyi gareti yari igice cya sisitemu yo gutwi ya oximeter yamamajwe muri za 1960.

1964: Robert Shaw yahimbye oximeter yambere yo gusoma rwose
Robert Shaw, umuganga ubaga i San Francisco, yagerageje kongeramo uburebure bw’umucyo kuri oximeter, anonosora uburyo bwa mbere bwo gutahura Matisse bwo gukoresha uburebure bubiri bw’umucyo.
Igikoresho cya Shaw kirimo umunani wumucyo wumucyo, wongera amakuru menshi kuri oximeter kugirango ubare urugero rwamaraso ya ogisijeni.Iki gikoresho gifatwa nkigice cyambere cyo gusoma ugutwi oximeter.

1970: Hewlett-Packard yatangije oximeter yambere yubucuruzi
Oximeter ya Shaw yabonwaga ko ihenze, nini, kandi yagombaga kuzunguruka mu cyumba ujya mu kindi mu bitaro.Ariko, irerekana ko amahame ya pulse oximetry yumvikana neza bihagije kugurishwa mubipfunyika byubucuruzi.
Hewlett-Packard yacuruzaga oximeter yumunani wumurambararo mu myaka ya za 70 kandi ikomeza gutanga impiswi.

1972-1974: Takuo Aoyagi yashyizeho ihame rishya rya pulse oximeter
Mugihe ubushakashatsi bwuburyo bwo kunoza igikoresho gipima umuvuduko wamaraso, injeniyeri w’Ubuyapani Takuo Aoyagi yaguye ku ivumburwa ryagize ingaruka zikomeye ku kindi kibazo: pulse oximetry.Yatahuye ko urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso ya arterial rushobora no gupimwa n’umutima utera.

Takuo Aoyagi yagejeje kuri iri hame umukoresha we Nihon Kohden, waje gukora oximeter OLV-5100.Yinjijwe mu 1975, igikoresho gifatwa nka oximeter ya mbere ku isi ishingiye ku ihame rya Aoyagi rya pulse oximetry.Igikoresho ntabwo cyagenze neza mubucuruzi kandi ubushishozi bwe bwirengagijwe mugihe runaka.Umushakashatsi w’Ubuyapani Takuo Aoyagi azwi cyane mu kwinjiza “pulse” muri oximetry ya pulse akoresheje imiraba yakozwe na arterial pulses mu gupima no kubara SpO2.Yatangaje bwa mbere ibikorwa by'ikipe ye mu 1974. Afatwa kandi nk'uwahimbye impiswi ya kijyambere ya pulse.

Mu 1977, havutse urutoki rwa mbere rwitwa oximeter OXIMET Met 1471.
Nyuma, Masaichiro Konishi na Akio Yamanishi wo muri Minolta batanze igitekerezo nk'icyo.Mu 1977, Minolta yatangije urutoki rwa mbere rwitwa oximeter, OXIMET Met 1471, rutangira gushyiraho uburyo bushya bwo gupima impiswi ya okisimetri nintoki.

Kugeza 1987, Aoyagi yari azwi cyane nkuwahimbye oximeter ya kijyambere.Aoyagi yemera "guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ridahwema gukurikirana" mu gukurikirana abarwayi.Oximeter ya kijyambere ikubiyemo iri hame, kandi ibikoresho byubu birihuta kandi bitababaza abarwayi.
1983 Nellcor ya pulse ya mbere ya oximeter
Mu 1981, anesthesiologue William New na bagenzi be babiri bashinze isosiyete nshya yitwa Nellcor.Basohoye impiswi ya mbere ya oxyde ya 1983 mu 1983 yitwa Nellcor N-100.Nellcor yakoresheje iterambere mu buhanga bwa semiconductor kugirango igurishe oximeter isa nintoki.Ntabwo gusa N-100 yuzuye kandi igereranywa gusa, inashyiramo ibintu bishya mubuhanga bwa pulse oximetry, cyane cyane igipimo cyumvikana kigaragaza igipimo cya pulse na SpO2.

Intoki zigezweho za miniaturized pulse oximeter
Imisemburo ya pulse yahujwe neza ningorane nyinshi zishobora kuvuka mugihe ugerageza gupima urugero rwamaraso ya ogisijeni yumurwayi.Bungukirwa cyane no kugabanuka kwubunini bwa chipi ya mudasobwa, bibafasha gusesengura urumuri rugaragaza hamwe namakuru yumutima yakiriwe mubipaki bito.Iterambere rya digitale kandi riha abashakashatsi mubuvuzi amahirwe yo kugira ibyo bahindura no kunoza kunoza neza ibyasomwe na pulse oximeter.

Umwanzuro
Ubuzima nubutunzi bwambere mubuzima, kandi pulse oximeter ni umurinzi wubuzima hafi yawe.Hitamo pulse oximeter hanyuma ushire ubuzima kurutoki!Reka twite ku gukurikirana ogisijeni mu maraso no kurinda ubuzima bwacu n'imiryango yacu!